Compare and Contrast the Baroque Music and Jazz

Compare and Contrast the Baroque Music and Jazz BY outwitted The Baroque period spanned from 1600 to 1750. The baroque period can be divided into three parts: early (1600-1640), middle and late (1680-1750). Although today most people recognize the latest part as the baroque music, the earliest part was one of the most revolutionary phases in music history. The early baroque composers rejected the polyphony texture of the late Renaissance music and favored homophobic texture.They also focused on harmony rather than the complexity of melodic lines. The growth of figured bass and counterpoint represents the development of harmony. However, by the late baroque period, polyphonic texture returned to favor. Famous Baroque composers: – Johann Sebastian Bach Popular work: Air on a G String – George Frederic Handel Popular work: The Messiah – Antonio Vivaldi Popular work: The Four Seasons It is difficult to define Jazz music, as there are many different styles and movemen ts.A brief definition of Jazz would be: American music that originated in New Orleans around 1900 and characterized by propulsive syncopated rhythms, polyphonic ensemble playing, improvisatory, virtuosic solos, melodic freedom, and a harmonic idiom ranging from simple diatonic through chromatics to atonality. 1 But this does not tell everything about Jazz. Jazz developed from Ragtime around 1900 and about 20 different styles were born since then. 2 Examples are swing, bebop, boss nova, free Jazz and soul Jazz.Famous Jazz musicians: – Luis Armstrong – Chuck Imagine – Charles Minus – Jon Chlorate – Mary Lou Williams – Miles Davis – Nat King Cole The main characteristic of this piece is unity of melody. This piece begins with Joyful elodea, which contains arpeggio and arch shape melody. [epic] Its mood of Joyfulness remains throughout the piece. Base chords are mostly based on chords l, IV and V. At bar 9, a melody changes a little but t he mood doesn't change. The rhythmic patterns of the beginning of this piece are repeated throughout.There are frequent uses of imitation in the melody. For example, from bar 9 after the perfect cadence, imitation begins as descending 4th. [epic] Melodic sequence also often occurs in the piece. Bar 6 is one of example of sequences contained. Melodic phrases are repeated one tone higher pitches. Another main characteristic of this piece is polyphonic texture, as more than 3 independent melodic lines are sounded together consistently. From bar 14, there is imitation again. The harmony is based on a circle of fifths. Each motive figure is decorated with triplet.In the melody line, the first figure starts with F, the next one starts with B and the next one starts with E and so on. Similarly, the chords of bass line go through cycle of fifth. Therefore, both melody line (flute and violin) and base line (cambial) are in circle of fifth. This makes the melodic like sound dutiful and natura l. This movement is in Reiteration form: one short section keeping returning, often creating â€Å"tutu-solo-tutu-solo† pattern. This movement opens with the reiteration, which consists of 1/16th notes.After the reiteration, there is short solo section, where the flute and violin imitate each other. This piece is performed in 12-bar structure in 4/4 time. This piece begins with piano solo in E major. [epic] In the beginning of this piece, we can see the chords progression: I – I – I I – V – V – l. This chords progression is repeated throughout this piece with a constant Hitachi pulse. Call and response is frequently used in this piece. We can see the example of call and response between voice and other instruments at 0:46. There is also call and response between main vocal and female chorus in 2:29.Swing rhythm is also remarkable in this piece. After 12 bars of short piano solo, drum joins and plays swing rhythm. There are also frequent uses of syncopation in the rhythm. For example, in the first part where the vocal Joins, after he sings one phrase â€Å"Hey, ma-ma don't treat me wrong†, there is â€Å"space† in melody between the first phrase and the second phrase humiliation. The beginning of this piece is mainly homophobic in texture as there is always one independent melody. When vocal sings the main melody, other instruments such as drum and piano play the bass lines.However, as the song gets close to the end, its texture becomes more like polyphonic. Imitation, Call and response and counterpoint abound. After repeating the main melody six times, there is call and response between trumpets and vocal. The vocal asks, â€Å"Tell me what'd I say' and trumpets answer. The same idea is repeated several times with different lyrics. After the part, there is call and response between the main vocal and chorus again. Melody in baroque music creates a feeling of continuity. The opening melody will be repeate d throughout a baroque piece.Although the melody is often repeated in an altered form using variation technique, its idea remains in a piece. Also, baroque melodies often sound elaborate and ornamental in baroque pieces. Baroque music also tends to have one basic mood. If a piece begins with Joyful mood, it will remain throughout the piece. The baroque composers often created mood by using a descriptive musical language. They favored word painting, which music enhances the meaning and emotion of the text. For example, they used dark and slow music in lyrics about death.This made music more expressive and powerful. The rhythm in baroque music is often constant. The rhythmic patterns in the opening of baroque pieces are repeated throughout. This contributes to creating a unity of mood. For example, as we can see from Concerto V by Bach, there are 1/16th notes constantly throughout. Texture in baroque music is mostly polyphonic: two or more voices or melodic lines playing independently to express complexity. Baroque composers tried to expand the size, range, and complexity of instrumental performance. Imitation is very common in baroque music. All you have do is touch the right key at the right time and the instrument will play itself† This is a famous quote by Bach. Baroque musicians try to play what is written on the music score. There is mainly three common baroque forms; three-part from (A B A), two-part form (A B A), and continuous or undivided form. A lot of concerto movements including concerto V by Bach are in Reiteration form. The word, â€Å"Reiteration†, meaner â€Å"return† in Italian. After Tutu section, solo section begins and Tutu section come back again after the solo section.The Same rhythmic patterns are repeated in Jazz, yet often syncopated; unexpected accents. The rhythm patterns heard in the begging of Jazz pieces will be repeated throughout. Swing rhythm is also main characteristic of Jazz. Jazz originally developed from ragtime music, whose main characteristic is â€Å"ragged† or syncopated rhythm. Improvisation is an important aspect of Jazz music. Jazz musicians improvise in melody, rhythm and bass lines. A Jazz musician plays what he wants to play. Therefore, they have a great deal of freedom when performing and the audience also can feel it.Melody in Jazz is often improvised and more complex than other music. There are frequent uses of blue notes. Here is an example of a blues scale: This is one of the aspects that make Jazz very distinguishable from other music. Although style, period and musical culture are widely different, there are some similarities between Baroque music and Jazz. The first similarity between the two is continuity of rhythm. In both pieces, the same rhythmic pattern is repeated from the beginning to the end. Another obvious similarity is the frequent use of call and response. In both pieces, call and response is used many times.In concerto v, for example, there is call and response between flute and violin from 1:15. There are call and response between vocal and other instruments, and between the main vocal and female chorus in What'd I say. For example, we can see call and response between the main vocal and other instruments from 0:46 and between the main vocal and female chorus from 2:20. Both baroque music and Jazz use improvisation, although the style is different. In Baroque music, the composers write numbers above the bass part (figured bass) so that the keyboard player can improvise chords.This gives the performers a feeling of freedom while playing. In Jazz, improvisation is more important than in baroque music and is more abound. Not only the bass line, but also melody and rhythm can be improvised. Many baroque and Jazz composers repeat the same melodic or rhythmic idea in one piece. In Bach's concerto v, for example, there are 1/16th notes constantly throughout and the same melodic ideas are repeated. This is same for Jazz music. F or example, in a Jazz piece â€Å"What'd I say', there are frequent uses of swing rhythm and the same melodies are repeated throughout.Unity of mood describes both baroque music and Jazz. If a piece of music opens with dark and slow melody its darkness remains throughout the piece. The unity of mood is created by continuous rhythm and melody. The chords of a lot of baroque and Jazz songs are mostly based on I, IV and V. For example, the chords structure of the first 8 bars in Bach's concerto v is I – I – I V- I – l. The twelve notes progression, which many Jazz musicians use, is I – I-I-IV- IV I -l -V -V- I and is very similar to the one used in concerto. Difference in time and culture also makes difference in music.We can find several differences between baroque music and Jazz. First, we can see that their styles are very distinguishable. Jazz musicians have more feeling of freedom while performing as they can improvise in many ways while baroque musici ans can only improvise in bass lines and they mostly play what is written on the score sheet. There is also difference in musical form and structure. The baroque composers tend o follow the certain forms such as reiteration form while Jazz composers favor minimum forms that allow maximum flexibility.In addition, the main concept or purpose of Baroque music and Jazz are different. Jazz's primary purpose was to entertain the people in bars, while baroque composers primarily worked to provide music for dance and church services. Early baroque composers rejected the complex polyphony of the late Renaissance and favored homophobic texture that maximizes harmony. But Jazz composers favored the complexity of melody. Melody in Jazz is often complicated and usually official to sing or play while melody in early baroque music is less complicated and easy to remember.In addition, the uses of instruments in the two periods are different. Despite that baroque music is mostly based on string grou ps, Jazz music is based upon brass and woodwind instruments. Although style, time, and history are different, there are some similarities between baroque music and Jazz. There are similarities in rhythm, melody, and texture. Music from the two different periods sound different, however, when we look at the two closely we see that they share musical technical similarities.

Pyramid Door Formal Case Final Draft Essay

As a privately owned regional manufacturer of residential and commercial steel garage doors, Pyramid Doors has managed to grow a distribution network in the Western and Southwestern United States of 350 distributors broken up into 300 non-exclusive dealers and 50 exclusive dealers. This strategy has allowed Pyramid Door to capture a market share of 2.6% with total sales in 2005 of $9.2 million. While executives agree that a growth in sales of 36% to $12.5 million is necessary to achieve critical mass to preserve its buying position with suppliers, opinions are split on the correct method to achieve this goal. An increase in the marketing budget of 20% over 2005’s budget has already been approved, but four alternative scenarios about how to handle the distributor base have been brought up by various executives. While some executives favored dramatically increasing the overall number of dealers, others suggested the opposite, cutting the overall number of non-exclusive, poorer performing dealers. Still other executives suggested a more targeted approach, leaning on more exclusive dealers at the expense of fewer non-exclusive dealers, while a final group suggested maintaining the status quo of dealers and letting the new marketing strategy carry them to the required number of sales. To determine the best strategy moving forward, we have put together a proposal outlining the pros and cons of each strategy, backed up with qualitative and quantitative data to back up our conclusions. Alternative 1: Increase number of independent dealers in markets currently served by the company by 100 Pros: Increases effective market coverage allowing customers to find Pyramid Doors at more dealers. Diversifies the distribution network so that the company is less dependent on exclusive dealers. Sets Pyramid Door up for future distribution expansion. Will significantly increase sales. Allow for market specific advertising to benefit more locations Cons: Adding 100 distributors will be very difficult in one year, given it has taken 10 years to add the most recent 50 distributors. Has the potential to cause channel conflict with current distributors by increasing the number of dealers they have to directly compete with within their markets. Distinct possibility of product cannibalization by saturating the market. Even with the increase in Net Sales, this plan would require an increase in Sales Representatives, decreasing our profit margin. Increased transportation costs to distribute to more low-volume locations.

The End Of The War - 1052 Words

In autumn of 1918, it all started. Desertion rates were dramatically rising in the German army, and civil strikes reduced protection of German cities. This was the beginning of the end of the war. While the German army was slowly collapsing, the Americans found the perfect chance to strike the German army. The Americans then launched the important Hundred Day Offense which was the concluding offensive of the war. The Hundred Day Offense pushed Germany out of France, therefore, forcing them to retreat beyond the Hindenburg Line where they landed their final attack of this war. The Hindenburg Line was built during the winter of 1916 as an important German defense position on the eastern front. Once the Germans retreated to the Hindenburg†¦show more content†¦Approximately a month after bargaining was over, the Treaty of Versailles was presented to Germany for â€Å"consideration.† Germany was given 3 weeks to accept the terms. If it was not accepted, continuation of the war would be inevitable. The Treaty of Versailles is widely known for its essentials to end the war, but it inflicted harsh terms on the Germans as well. Germany was forced to give up 13.5% of its 1914 territory (including land taken from Russia in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and a lot of vital industrial territory), its army was limited to 100,000 men, German use of heavy artillery, gas, tanks, and aircraft was banned, Germany s navy was restricted to shipping under 10,000 tons, Germans weren t allowed to use submarines, and Germany was forced to pay $55 billion in reparations. The $55 billion the Germans needed to pay was one of the harshest term of the treaty. After the Germans gave up this money, unemployment struck and Germany slowly collapsed as a whole, and the German people accepted Hitler’s rise to power under the motto that he was going to help Germany become a power and avoid war (he obviously didn’t). This treaty received mixed reactions. The most important politicians involved with the signing of this treaty were Georges Clemnà ©ceau of France, David Lloyd George of Britain, and, of course, the American Woodrow Wilson (28th President of the United States). Similar to Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George, pushed

Observations on Property in Robinson Crusoe and Second...

Observations on Property in Robinson Crusoe and Second Treatise People have been fighting over land and possessions since Adam and Eve left the Garden of Eden. But what actually constitutes the ownership of property? In the eighteenth century John Locke and Daniel Defoe addressed this question. In his Second Treatise, Locke defends the rights of people to property and he explains the basis for obtaining and maintaining dominion over it. In Robinson Crusoe, Defoe suggests a definition of property that concurs in part with Lockes, which indicates that people can claim ownership of property when they have added their labor to some part of it. In addition, Locke stipulates, according to principles of the rational use of†¦show more content†¦There is a serious question as to whether any of his claims can be justified, at least in accordance with Lockean views. Defoe does seem, at least in part, to agree with such views. This seems appropriate since both men lived during an era when the economy was changing so quickly that the issue of propert y was often debated. However, Defoe seems to take possessiveness, ownership, and dominion or power through ownership even further than Locke does. While both men held similar views on property, the influences on them were different. A predominant influence on Locke was that, from the late seventeenth to the early eighteenth century, the last vestiges of feudalism were disappearing and capitalism was beginning to develop. Despite the gradual move toward industrialism, agriculture was still the occupation of the majority. Land was beginning to be viewed by many as a capital investment for profit making. It was viewed also as an indication of social position and political power (Wood 16). Locke shared these views and felt that land was the key to a viable social order, serving not only as a source of food but also as a supplier of raw materials necessary for the system of domestic and foreign commerce. While he defended the principle of self-preservation, he argued that the fundamental law of nature is the preservation of society, which takes precedence over self-preservation. Locke thought that government has the right and the du ty

Poverty and B. Conclusion Sentence - 1501 Words

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Many homeless people have mental illness. b) Detail: The conditions affecting homeless people are somewhat specialized and have opened a new area of medicine tailored to this population. B. Conclusion Sentence: Some homeless are substance abusers; research suggests one in four. Many of these are included in the 25% who are mentally ill. Many are unable to access mental health services and are too ill to stay in a shelter. IV. 1V. Body Paragraph #3: Social Supports. A. Topic Sentence: Most countries provide a variety of services to assist homeless people. They provide food, shelter and clothing, may be organized and run by community organizations. 1. Support #1: Such social supports may be done through a formal process, such as under the auspices of a non-governmental organization, religious organization, or homeless ministry, or may be done on an individual basis. a) Detail: Many non-profit organizations such as Goodwill Industries maintain a mission to provide skill development and work opportunities to people with barriers to employment, though most of these organizations are not primarily geared toward homeless individuals. b) Detail: A significant number of homeless do not participate in the assistance programs. 2. Support #2:Show MoreRelatedConnection Between Poverty and Obesity Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesConnection between poverty and obesity Author (Reggie L. 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Power Essay Example For Students

Power Essay Children play king of the mountain with the stronger players trying to keep the weaker ones from taking possession of the top of the hill. One of Goldings many themes expressed in Lord of the Flies is power. In comparison to society, the island consists of democratic, authoritarian, and spiritual power. Sitting in a throne may give a person power, but it does not give them complete authority.Democratic power is shown when choices and decisions are shared among many. Ralph, originally from the Anglo-Saxon language, means counsel. Ralph is an embodiment of democracy, he is willing to be a leader but knows that its important for each of the boys to be able to speak his mind. When there is a decision to be made, he lets the boys vote on it. In are present democratic government of the United States, the President has to go through Congress to pass a bill. The President runs the operations but he does not have complete power over the decisions. Like the President, Ralph has to go through the boys to make the decisions. The trouble was, if you were chief you had to think, you had to be wise. And then the occasion slipped by so that you had to grab at a decision. This made you think: because thought was a valuable thing, that got results.. .(page 71)In addition to democracy, authoritarian power is additionally portrayed. Authoritarian power allows one person to rule by threatening and terrifying others. Jack comes from the Hebrew and means one who supplants, one who takes by force. Although the word military is never used about Jack, there is something about his manner that suggests military or authoritarian power. Jack lusts for power and is driven to destroy anyone who gets in his way. In 1956, Fidel Castro forced his way into Cuba planning to overthrow the government of Fulgencio Batista, a dictator in Cuba. After Castro became President of the Council of State in 1976, he seized property owned by wealthy Cubans, Americans, and others. He favored the lower classes and made Cuba a communist state. In relation to Castro, Jack overthrows Ralph from being chief and takes over the position with force and abuse. The boys look up to Jack and respect him but there is no understanding. They do not understand why he hides behind his mask or tortures innocent boys. But they do know to respect him or they will be punished. For instance on page 85, If Jack was chief, wed have all hunting and no fire. Wed be here till we died.Besides authoritarian, spiritual power is also represented. Spiritual power recognizes internal and external realities and attempts to integrate them. Simon comes from the Hebrew for listener. It was also the name of one of Jesus apostles, Simon Peter. This hints at the spiritual role the character will play in the novel: Simon is the only one who hears and understands the truth. In the beginning of the story Simon is introduced as a skinny, vivid little boy with epilepsy. In ancient times many thought that the epileptic seizure was an indication that a person had great spiritual powers and was favored by communications from the gods. In an ironic twist, Simon communicates with an evil figure rather than a loving god. Beginning in 1933, Adolf Hitler brutally slayed many impure people because of their religious beliefs. Many Jews, whom Hitler blamed Germanys problems on, were sent to concentration camps, where they were murdered. This event relates to the fact that Simon is also killed by the strength of the boys belief in the beast. Simon is very quiet and intimidated, (he) felt a perilous necessity to speak; but to speak in an assembly was a terrible thing to him.(page 82) Different types of power, with their uses and abuses, are central to the story. .u4594997b20a5e8df65a6ba404ef7f068 , .u4594997b20a5e8df65a6ba404ef7f068 .postImageUrl , .u4594997b20a5e8df65a6ba404ef7f068 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4594997b20a5e8df65a6ba404ef7f068 , .u4594997b20a5e8df65a6ba404ef7f068:hover , .u4594997b20a5e8df65a6ba404ef7f068:visited , .u4594997b20a5e8df65a6ba404ef7f068:active { border:0!important; } .u4594997b20a5e8df65a6ba404ef7f068 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4594997b20a5e8df65a6ba404ef7f068 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4594997b20a5e8df65a6ba404ef7f068:active , .u4594997b20a5e8df65a6ba404ef7f068:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4594997b20a5e8df65a6ba404ef7f068 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4594997b20a5e8df65a6ba404ef7f068 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4594997b20a5e8df65a6ba404ef7f068 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4594997b20a5e8df65a6ba404ef7f068 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4594997b20a5e8df65a6ba404ef7f068:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4594997b20a5e8df65a6ba404ef7f068 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4594997b20a5e8df65a6ba404ef7f068 .u4594997b20a5e8df65a6ba404ef7f068-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4594997b20a5e8df65a6ba404ef7f068:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Supply chain mangment Essay Democratic, authoritarian, and spiritual power are each used by one of the characters. A person may have power but its how they use the power to determine the authority and dominance.

Television Sending The Wtong Message Essays - Human Sexuality

Television: Sending The Wtong Message Television: Sending the Wrong Message Everyday, human beings make assumptions by what they can see physically. Even in the supermarkets, they distinguish good products from bad products based on how those products look. Being a human, I would say we are apt to choose good-looking products because they don't have flaws, cracks, and bruises. Those good products are shaped nicely, colored and look great. Moreover, we assume those products to have good qualities and good tastes. However, we pick things because of their beauty. This is due to human nature. Part of the development of human nature is brought on through television. Since people judge human beings based on how they look, it is called discrimination. Unfortunately, the society we live in benefits beautiful people more than physically unattractive people who could end up with better qualities. Therefore, advantages enjoyed by those beautiful people are countless. We like to expect to be treated equally, but we are not treated as the same in the real world. I believe judging people based on their appearance only disadvantages those people. Success must depend on effort, talent, and intelligence. As long as we can't stop discriminating against people based on appearance, we can't achieve positive opportunity and real success. There is the question of how to change the system of unfair treatment based on appearance. Watching commercials on television, lots of people have had cosmetic surgery on their skin. Some religious beliefs teach their people that altering their body is profane because bodies are gifts from god. However, cosmetic surgery introduces us to cutting edge technologies. People have surgery performed simply to improve their appearance. 2 Some Americans believe gaining acceptance in society is by looking a certain way. The benefits for those people are success in their careers, marriage with rich men, and more chances to become popular amongst society. Being beautiful is helpful in regards to acceptance in society, especially for women. Men who like beautiful women around them often influence women. It's a man's world in today's society. Women do too much to impress those men. Cosmetic surgery is a reflection of the society where beauty is stratified. I don't think cosmetic surgery is a good resolution to achieve fair treatment from the society because it doesn't overthrow fundamental problem. Today, women have more jobs available. In some instances, women meet difficulties to get jobs or to succeed because they are not beautiful. Some women have cosmetic surgery to improve their appearance. Others may struggle from unfairly treatments without the surgery. It is difficult to stop people from thinking of beauty. However, through time, one can learn that beauty is recognized within the inner soul. Humans use the television commercials and shows to influence their values on how they define beauty. The media sends us beautiful images, which leads to stereotypical behavior. Beautiful images regarding the media are implanted in our mind unconsciously. As much as I can see from TV commercials, I get lots of sexual, unfair, and discriminated messages of being beautiful. Slim and beautiful women are representing slim fast commercials. There are also the muscular, handsome men showing how easy it is to exercise with certain equipment. We have to eliminate these stereotypical messages of being perfect with the way we look. 3 People tend to struggle from unfair treatment based on their appearance due to discrimination. In my opinion, being beautiful is a challenge that every human being attempts in his or her lifetime. I think the norm on how Americans define beauty, is affected entirely by the environment. The culture of the society may never be corrected with what is truly valued in life, spirit. As Americans, we can free ourselves by trying to eliminate those stereotypical messages of being beautiful and perfectly shaped taken from the television. Real success is through achieving goals, whether it is a certain career or a look. People must attempt to understand that those acting on television may be beautiful on the outside, but not on the inside. Focusing on what exactly a person does while watching television is interesting. Once a person sits in front of the television set, he or she becomes quickly stimulated and amazed by the intense sound and picture. Suddenly forgetting about the real world, the